Medicine:
Medicine is the art and science of healing. It
encompasses a range of health care practices evolved to maintain and
restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness.
Internal medicine is the medical specialty concerned with the
diagnosis, management and nonsurgical treatment of unusual or serious
diseases, either of one particular organ system or of the body as a
whole.
Sports
Medicine:
Sports injuries can be broadly
classified as either traumatic or overuse injuries. Traumatic injuries
account for most injuries in contact sports such as Association
football, rugby league, rugby union, Australian rules football, Gaelic
football and American football because of the dynamic and high
collision nature of these sports. These injuries range from bruises and
muscle strains, to fractures and head injuries.
A bruise or contusion is damage to small blood vessels which causes
bleeding within the tissues. A muscle strain is a small tear of muscle
fibers and a ligament sprain is a small tear of ligament tissue. The
body’s response to these sports injuries is the same in the
initial five day period immediately following the traumatic incident -
inflammation.
All of these traumatic injuries cause damage to the cells that make up
the soft tissues. The dead and damaged cells release chemicals, which
initiate an inflammatory response. Small blood vessels are damaged and
opened up, producing bleeding within the tissue. In the
body’s normal reaction, a small blood clot is formed in order
to stop this bleeding and from this clot special cells (called
fibroblasts) begin the healing process by laying down scar tissue.
The inflammatory stage is therefore the first phase of healing.
However, too much of an inflammatory response in the early stage can
mean that the healing process takes longer and a return to activity is
delayed. The sports injury treatments are intended to minimize the
inflammatory phase of an injury, so that the overall healing process is
accelerated.
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